Effects of Living in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods on Personal Well-Being

Abstract

Based on theory of neighbourhood effect and extensive research literature, it is obvious that deprived communities have clear impact on individual well-being. Residents face poorly developed infrastructure, greater ecological risks, less safety and higher rates of violence and crime along with greater occurrence of juvenile delinquent behaviour. Inhabitants will more often encounter poverty, unemployment and poorer residential conditions. There are higher mortality rates, lower levels of functional abilities, poorer health indicators in the development of children and specifically in some groups a higher prevalence of diseases such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Poorer health indicators are linked to lower levels of personal health awareness and a higher presence of health-risk behaviour. Results also reveal poorer family relationships and mental health problems. Inhabitants in disadvantaged communities have a less healthy lifestyle, including inadequate diet and less physical activity. Limiting effects contribute to reduced educational opportunities, and the growth rate in particular segments is slower than in developed communities leading to an increased inequality gap. However, the link between community deprivation and individual well-being is far from being linear. This chapter will reveal many complex dimensions of this relationship that are of special value for social work practice in deprived communities.