Introduction

Abstract

Water is known to be an essential resource for Humanity. People around the world are convinced about the need of providing new and improved means of maintaining a healthy environment. Despite its abundance on the planet, water tends to become scarce because of disordered consumption, which contaminates our reserves and make them unsuitable for use, either for human consumption, or for industrial use. The most varied industrial processes use lots of water directly. This water must be adequate for use. Countries without major natural resources treat seawater, in so-called demineralization processes, to produce drinking water for the population. All this water that is used for either domestic or industrial ends, must be returned to reservoirs as clean as possible because its contamination will make its reuse impossible. Industries are having difficulties in obtaining proper water because of the growing water scarcity caused by pollution. As a consequence, treatment costs are increasing, which limits productivity.