Total Disc Arthroplasty

Abstract

The concept of total disc replacement in the spine has been present for decades because of the desire to maintain physiologic motion of spinal segments while treating underlying pain-generating pathology. There has been considerable evolution of this technology, with successes, failures, and the popularity of these procedures waxing and waning over time. Much in vitro and in vivo research has been done on both past and current devices to facilitate understanding of this technology and optimize utilization for clinical success and progress. This chapter describes some of the historical background, current uses and approved devices, surgical techniques, complications, revision options, and outcomes of both lumbar and cervical disc replacement.