Provenance descriptions using the OWL functional syntax in protégé

Abstract

The extension of the current web also known as the semantic web provides for techniques that facilitate interoperation and interconnectivity amongst applications. There is huge amount of data present on the web however computers cannot interpret the meaning of data and cannot retrieve useful information from the web by making useful decisions from this data. Thus, semantic web provides solution to these problem by embedding meta-tags to the web of data [1]. This enables software agents to interpret the meaning of information present on the web and retrieve meaningful information from the web. The embedding of meta-tags is done by Ontologies [2]. Ontologies in semantic web serve as a data model that can be used to describe concepts and relationships present with respect to those concepts in a particular domain. Although, the semantic web ontologies help the pedagogical agents to easily find and retrieve information present in the web, yet they provide no measures to facilitate the trustworthiness off information retrieved by these ontologies. As such Questions like when, how, where, by whom was a piece of data item developed still remain a question of concern. Several trust metrics and models have been proposed by researchers regarding trust assessment in semantic web Ontologies, however no standard prescribed form is present to implement and embed the same. In our paper thus we have proposed to show the implementation and embedment of trust using the concept of provenance i.e. by tracking the lineage. A discussion and implementation of provenance is provided using the PROV-DM data model in a University People Program Ontology. We have used the PROV-DM as it is the first standard model proposed by world wide web consortium and serves as a bases to easily, create, and embed provenance assertions in Ontologies.