Manufacturing techniques for carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, and silver nanoparticles

Abstract

Extensive research has been focused around organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NP) due to their unique and abundant benefits such as superior drug loading, biocompatibility, and role in drug delivery, biosensing, and ther-anostic. Among the organic NPs, carbon nano-tubes (CNT), graphene NP, and fullerenes are widely explored, while gold and silver are extensively used for inorganic NP in biomedicine. The fabrication of CNT and its types like single-walled CNT (SWCNT) and doublewalled CNT using conventional methods like arc discharge method, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition has been considered in detail. The traditional method of preparation of gold NPs (GNPs) is chemical reduction method which uses toxic chemicals or yields by-products which may compromise its inert characteristic. Thus, the current trend has been shifted toward the synthesis of GNPs using green method. In the last few decades, incredible innovations have come up regarding the applications and methods of fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Similar to methods used for the fabrication of GNPs, AgNPs are also manufactured by various chemical methods such as reduction, lightmediated ion implant. The additional method which has been extensively explored is green synthesis of AgNPs using plants, bacteria, and fungi. This chapter provides an insight into the commonly used techniques as well as recently explored techniques in preparation of carbon nanotubes, gold NPs (GNP), and AgNPs.