Targeting the GABAB receptor for the treatment of alcohol use disorder

Abstract

Accumulating lines of experimental and clinical evidence suggest that the prototypic, orthosteric GABA type B (GABAB) receptor agonist, baclofen, may possess therapeutic potential for treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). At preclinical level, acute or repeated treatment with nonsedative doses of baclofen has repeatedly been reported to suppress several alcohol-motivated behaviors, including alcohol drinking, in rats and mice. At clinical level, administration of doses of baclofen ranging from low to extremely high doses has been found to suppress alcohol consumption, craving for alcohol, and alcohol withdrawal signs and symptoms in patients affected by AUD, confirming that baclofen may represent a promising option for treatment of AUD. A more recent avenue of research is represented by generalization of baclofen effects to the positive allosteric modulators of the GABAB receptor: preclinical data collected to date suggest that these compounds reproduce, with a much higher therapeutic index, several suppressing effects of baclofen on alcohol-motivated behaviors.