The Next Stage of Clinical Dupuytren Research: Biomarkers and Chronic Disease Research Tools

Abstract

This chapter calculates the risk of the infection of Cryptosporidium via drinking water following the ILSI/RSI quantitative risk assessment framework. In addition to the source water parameters, the effect of the rainfall was also incorporated in the annual risk calculation. Monte Carlo simulations were used to calculate the annual risk of the infection of Cryptosporidium via drinking water samples, which were collected from the Sagami River and its two tributaries Koayu and Nakatsu Rivers in Kanagawa prefecture in the Kanto area of Japan. Samples were brought to the laboratory and were filtered through cellulose acetate membrane disk filters. In Sagami River, Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 41 of the 56 samples from six sites and the geometric mean concentration was found to be 9 oocysts per 100L. In Nakatsu River, Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 14 of the 29 samples from three sites and the geometric mean was 9 oocysts per 100L. In Koayu River, 21 samples from two sites were examined and Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in all the samples and the geometric mean of the samples were 320 oocysts per 100L. The chapter concludes that there was a continuous presence of Cryptosporidium in the water of Sagami River. The geometric mean concentration of oocysts in the 76 positive samples was 24 oocysts per 100L. The maximum concentration was found to be as high as 11,000 oocysts per 100L.