Factors associated with the institutionalization of the elderly: a case-control study

  • Lini E
  • Portella M
  • Doring M
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Abstract

Abstract Objective: to identify the factors associated with the institutionalization of the elderly. Method: a case-control, population-based study was performed with 387 elderly people. The study considered cases of elderly people (n=191) living in long-term care facilities, and a control group (n=196) who lived in homes in urban areas of the city. Both groups were identified from the records of the Family Health Strategy and were randomly selected. Institutionalization was considered a dependent variable, and sociodemographics, clinical factors, functional status, and cognitive impairment were considered independent variables. Comparison between groups was analyzed using the Chi-squared and Pearson tests and the logistic regression model was used in adjusted analysis, with measurements of effect expressed as odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Variables with p≤0.20 were considered for entry in the multiple model. Results: variables that remained associated with institutionalization in multiple analysis were: not having a partner (OR=9.7), not having children (OR=4.0), presenting cognitive impairment (OR=11.4), and depending on others to perform basic activities of daily living (OR=10.9). Conclusion: cognitive impairment and dependency for basic activities of daily living were more strongly associated with institutionalization. Home care strategies and preventive actions for risk factors should be stimulated to delay the referral of elderly people to Long Term Care Facilities for the Elderly, and to develop strategies that allow the elderly to remain socially active.Resumo Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à institucionalização de idosos. Método: Estudo caso-controle de base populacional com 387 idosos. Consideraram-se casos idosos (n=191) residentes em instituições de longa permanência e os controles, idosos (n=196) residentes nos domicílios urbanos do município do Rio Grande do Sul, alocados a partir dos registros das Estratégias de Saúde da Família, ambos os grupos foram selecionados aleatoriamente. Considerou-se como variável dependente a institucionalização e como variáveis independentes as sociodemográficas, clínicas, capacidade funcional e comprometimento cognitivo. Na comparação entre os grupos, foram empregados os Testes qui-quadrado, de Pearson, o modelo de regressão logística com análise ajustada, e medidas de efeito expressas em odds ratio com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Para entrada no modelo múltiplo, foram consideradas as variáveis com p≤0,20. Resultados: Na análise múltipla permaneceram associados à institucionalização: não ter companheiro(a) (OR=9,7), não possuir filhos(as) (OR=4,0), apresentar comprometimento cognitivo (OR=11,4) e ter dependência para as atividades básicas de vida diária (OR=10,9). Conclusão: O comprometimento cognitivo e as dependências para atividades básicas de vida diária foram os fatores mais fortemente associados à institucionalização. Medidas de cuidados em domicílio e ações para prevenir a instalação dos fatores de risco devem ser estimuladas para retardar o encaminhamento dos idosos para as instituições e desenvolver estratégias que permitam a manutenção dos idosos no convívio social.

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Lini, E. V., Portella, M. R., & Doring, M. (2016). Factors associated with the institutionalization of the elderly: a case-control study. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 19(6), 1004–1014. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562016019.160043

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