Adenosine in Acute Myocardial Infarction-Associated Reperfusion Injury: Does it Still Have a Role?

Abstract

The mainstay of acute myocardial infarction has long been timely reperfusion of the culprit obstruction. Reperfusion injury resulting from a multitude of pathophysiological processes has been demonstrated to negatively affect myocardial recovery and function post-infarction. Adenosine interacts directly with the sequential pathophysiological processes culminating in reperfusion injury by inhibiting them upstream. The evidence for adenosine’s benefit in acute myocardial infarction has produced mixed results with regards to myocardial salvage and long-term mortality. The heterogenous evidence with regards to benefits on clinical outcomes has resulted in modest uptake of adenosine in the clinical setting. However, it is critical to analyze the variability in study methodologies. The goal of this review is to evaluate how adenosine dose, route of administration, timing of administration, and site of administration play essential roles in the molecule’s efficacy. The benefits of adenosine, as highlighted in the following review, are clear and its role in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction should not be discounted.