Venoms of Braconidae

Abstract

Braconids are an important group of parasites attacking plant pests of economic importance. Many but not all braconids paralyse their host before ovipositing. The topics discussed include the venom apparatus, methods to obtain venom for study, the injection and transport of venom, assays of venom activity, the physical and chemical characteristics of the venom and its mode of action. The range of species parasitised and the sensitivity of a wide range of potential hosts injected with venom gland extract are shown in tables and discussed, together with the natural immunity that clearly exists in some potential hosts. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: These venoms are considered mainly in relation to their effect on insect hosts.