Association of amino acid metabolites with osteoporosis, a metabolomic approach: Bushehr elderly health program

Abstract

Introduction and objectives: Amino acids are the most frequently reported metabolites associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in metabolomics studies. We aimed to evaluate the association between amino acid metabolic profile and bone indices in the elderly population. Methods: 400 individuals were randomly selected from 2384 elderly men and women over 60 years participating in the second stage of the Bushehr elderly health (BEH) program, a population-based prospective cohort study that is being conducted in Bushehr, a southern province of Iran. Frozen plasma samples were used to measure 29 amino acid and derivatives metabolites using the UPLC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics platform. We conducted Elastic net regression analysis to detect the metabolites associated with BMD of different sites and lumbar spine trabecular bone score, and also to examine the ability of the measured metabolites to differentiate osteoporosis. Results: We adjusted the analysis for possible confounders (age, BMI, diabetes, smoking, physical activity, vitamin D level, and sex). Valine, leucine, isoleucine, and alanine in women and tryptophan in men were the most important amino acids inversely associated with osteoporosis (OR range from 0.77 to 0.89). Sarcosine, followed by tyrosine, asparagine, alpha aminobutyric acid, and ADMA in women and glutamine in men and when both women and men were considered together were the most discriminating amino acids detected in individuals with osteoporosis (OR range from 1.15 to 1.31). Conclusion: We found several amino acid metabolites associated with possible bone status in elderly individuals. Further studies are required to evaluate the utility of these metabolites as clinical biomarkers for osteoporosis prediction and their effect on bone health as dietary supplements.